Evidence Alignment and Transfer Boundaries in Photocatalysis And Solar Fuels And Thermally Driven Carbon-Membrane Desalination: Dual-function akaganeite FeOOH photo-Fenton and Desalination Driven Temperature Gradient

Abstract

A central challenge in photocatalysis and solar fuels and thermally driven carbon-membrane desalination is to compare studies whose mechanisms and validation settings do not share a single denominator. The present review uses a beta-FeOOH photo-Fenton platform that couples hydrogen evolution with pollutant degradation and coupling a temperature gradient with graphene-channel surface wettability as focal cases for a boundary-aware synthesis. A structured reading of two target studies and 12 verified companion references is conducted across five lenses: charge separation, active-site chemistry, reaction selectivity, materials stability, reactor integration. Emphasis is placed on the provenance of evidence, the comparability of baselines, and the consequences of alternative explanations. The combined literature indicates that methodological gains become actionable only when charge separation and active-site chemistry are evaluated together and when limits associated with reactor integration are explicit. This shifts the emphasis from isolated scores toward traceable chains of evidence and decision relevance. On this basis, the review proposes an auditable pathway from focal mechanism to application claim, with explicit checkpoints for calibration, external validity, and responsible interpretation.