A Boundary-Aware Synthesis of Nanofluidic Desalination: Robust Evaluation under Distribution Shift

Abstract

This review examines a shared methodological problem in nanofluidic desalination: how evidence from a Bernoulli-effect transport concept for driving water desalination can be placed in analytical dialogue with simulation of tapered channels in multilayer graphene membranes without erasing differences in scale, assumptions, or intended use. Two target papers are triangulated against 12 locally validated publications. The comparison follows ion exclusion, water permeability, channel geometry, driving force, scale-up and deliberately separates mechanistic interpretation from performance ranking, because the latter can conceal incompatible experimental or operational conditions. The synthesis shows that ion exclusion cannot be interpreted independently of water permeability, while channel geometry determines whether an apparent improvement remains meaningful outside the original setting. The strongest claims are therefore those that expose sensitivity, failure conditions, and residual uncertainty. The article concludes with a research agenda built around transparent comparators, targeted stress tests, and evidence records that can be reused without overstating causal or practical reach.